© WWF-US / James Morgan
Food for a stable climate

Rapid decarbonization of all sectors is needed to achieve the Paris Agreement. Recent analyses have shown that climate action is not moving anywhere near quickly enough. Across all sectors, we need more urgency and a shift from making commitments to implementing solutions. Rapid action on food system transformation is especially critical given food systems produce around 33% of global greenhouse gas emissions but have historically been overlooked as a climate solution. We can’t phase out food in the same way we can fossil fuels, but we can transform food systems so that they have net-zero emissions. With systemic transformation, the food system can become a major part of the solution to the climate crisis.

UNFCCC COP29
FINANCING OUR FUTURE AND UNLEASHING CLIMATE ACTION

The 29th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC COP29) meets in Baku, Azerbaijan in November 2024. 2024 is on track to be the warmest year on record, surpassing the record set in 2023. Without swift cuts to emissions, we will overshoot the Paris Agreement's long term 1.5°C threshold in the next decade, and then face the even greater challenge and cost of bringing temperatures back down to below that level.

Five essential outcomes from COP29 have been identified, namely: Agreement on a new finance goal to deliver on 1.5oC compatible plans and address impacts; Demonstrable progress towards new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) that limit warming to 1.5oC, and ensures a just and equitable transition away from fossil fuels; New finance pledges/commitments from countries, especially for adaptation and loss and damage, and delivery of past commitments and pledges; Political signals of growing international cooperation, confronting climate change as a top priority; Creation of a Climate and Nature Workstream to implement previous decisions and promote alignment with the Global Biodiversity Framework.

Explore the expectations that WWF has set out for COP29 in the papers below.

ALIGNING THE RIO CONVENTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION

This year, Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings are being held for all three Rio Conventions, namely the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). There is a unique opportunity to prioritize and advance actions that can simultaneously address the interconnected crises of nature loss, climate change and land degradation, improving human health and wellbeing. Food systems provide several entry points to make progress simultaneously in all areas.

WWF has identified four key actions which international bodies, national policymakers and other stakeholders across food systems, including the private sector, investors and financiers and NGOs, should prioritize at the upcoming COPs:

1. ELEVATE FOOD SYSTEMS AS A PRIORITY
Integrate food and agriculture into national plans (NDCs, NAPs, NBSAPs, LDNs) and collective agreements
2. USE FOOD SYSTEMS AS AN ENTRY-POINT FOR SYNERGIES
Prioritize and promote solutions with multiple benefits e.g. agroecology
3. SCALE UP FINANCE FOR FOOD SYSTEMS Increase total and proportional amount of finance related to food systems, and ensure it reaches actors implementing solutions on the ground and in the water
4. MULTISTAKEHOLDER, EQUITABLE APPROACH
Ensure all stakeholders are part of decision-making processes, leveraging local and traditional knowledge, and increasing representation for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities, women, youth and other under-represented groups

ASSESSING INCLUSIONS OF FOOD IN UPDATED NDCs

International policies on climate change mitigation and adaptation are increasingly recognizing the need for food systems transformation. For example, the Global Stocktake outlinse “climate-resilient food and agricultural production" as a key adaptation section, while the Global Goal on Adaptation also sets a target for “attaining climate-resilient food and agricultural production and supply and 
distribution of food." The COP28 Declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, Resilient Food Systems, and Climate Action sets a 2025 target to integrate agriculture and food 
systems into their NDCs as well as national adaptation and biodiversity plans and long-term climate strategies.

Prior to COP29, 172 Parties to the UNFCCC (including the European Union) have submitted 146 updated or revised NDCs. An analysis of these updated NDCs shows that while most countries include at least one measure related to food systems, any progress in the application of food systems approaches is marginal. Countries are continuing to overlook crucial parts of climate action and additional measures and implementation are needed.

FOOD SYSTEMS TRENDS IN NDC PARTNERSHIP SUPPORT

The NDC Partnership's Support Unit prepares Insight Briefs to share insights into thematic issues based on requests received by countries and the support provided by the Partnership. WWF and Climate Focus have worked with the NDC Partnership to prepare this Insight Brief on food systems and to provide recommendations on how to strengthen support to countries.

This Insight Brief analyzes requests for support the NDC Partnership has received from developing country members that are related to food systems. It identifies trends related to country requests and support offerings, informing how the Partnership can refine and scale up needed support for food-related initiatives and interventions.

FOOD FORWARD NDCs

The Food Forward NDCs ineractive tool helps countries implement policies that will transform national food systems byproviding evidence-based policy options and measures for transitioning to nature-positive, healthy and resilient food systems. It follows the commitments made by more than 150 Heads of State at December’s climate COP to transform food systems. Accordingly, the new tool focuses on how nature-positive actions on food can be specifically included in national climate plans, including Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement.

Food Forward NDCs provides detailed policy options and measures in more than 30 specific areas - including improving access to food, reducing emissions from livestock, shifting to clean energy on the farm, implementing circular food systems, and increasing demand for sustainable healthy diets - categorised in five priority intervention areas. By considering which intervention areas - namely food environment, food governance, food production, food supply chains and food consumption - are most important in their particular context, along with whether climate change mitigation or adaptation is the more pressing concern, policymakers can identify the most relevant policy options that will help deliver NDC commitments, the Paris Climate Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals.

The guidance has been compiled in collaboration with the UN Environment Programme, FAO, NDC Partnership, FAIRR Initiative, CGIAR, Global Alliance for the Future of Food, Biovision Foundation and the Agroecology Coalition, with financial support from the German government - specifically, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). 

Scroll through the table below to see all the side events in which we are participating

WWF EVENTS AT COP29

WWF'S WORK AT COP29

To follow all of WWF's work at COP29 and to read more about climate solutions beyond food visit our main page

WWF @ COP29

KEY RESOURCES

A comprehensive toolkit to help national policymakers translate global climate and food commitments into local actions has been launched as part of the COP28 Food Systems and Agriculture Agenda. The COP28 Agriculture, Food and Climate Action Toolkitwas produced by a taskforce - which included WWF, Global Alliance for the Future of Food, Climate Focus, NDC Partnership, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations, CGIAR and the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT - convened by the UAE COP28 Presidency and will be a valuable resource for countries as they transform their food systems to both mitigate and adapt to climate change.

The COP28 Agriculture, Food and Climate Action Toolkit directly supports the Emirates Declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, Resilient Food Systems and Climate Action. The opportunity for the Declaration’s signatories to translate their commitments into ambitious national-level action lies in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs).

READ: COP28 AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND CLIMATE ACTION TOOLKIT

To take the continent out of poverty, Africa’s food systems need to provide sufficient affordable, nutritious food for its population, whilst generating income and employment to support Africa’s economic and social development. But the long-term functioning of food systems relies on natural capital – the natural resources and ecosystems that provide the inputs needed for food production, including fertile soils, water and a conducive climate. These resources are currently being depleted and degraded at an alarming rate, with significant impacts on biodiversity, climate change, and ultimately, on the ability of food systems to fulfill their functions.

This report from WWF includes recommendations on how to move away from an unsustainable “business as usual” trajectory towards a scenario where food systems development in Africa goes hand in hand with long-term climate resilience and overall ecological sustainability.

READ: AFRICA’S ECOLOGICAL FOOD FUTURE: Re-imagining Africa’s food security within the context of climate change and ecological sustainability

​Many approaches are needed to accelerate the food systems transformation we so desperately need, provided we are aligned on a common vision about what success should look like regarding the future of food. 

COP28 presents an opportunity to strengthen alignment among stakeholders on the core principles underlying approaches to food systems transformation—namely agroecology, regenerative agriculture, and nature-positive solutions.

WWF believes these three approaches can be complementary to each other. By expanding the framing of regenerative agriculture to include essential elements of agroecology and nature-positive frameworks, we can align behind common objectives and catalyze necessary changes to our global food system. 

READ: THE ROLE OF REGENERATIVE AGRICULTURE TO DRIVE FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION

The world is facing a nutrition crisis, and the way we produce and consume food is altering the equilibrium of our planet, causing environmental damage and biodiversity loss, and climate change which further compromises food security. Children are disproportionately affected, and school meals are being increasingly recognized as a key investment for governments to tackle these challenges.

Through national school meals programs, around 418 million children currently receive a meal at school every day. This provides an exceptional opportunity for the implementation planet-friendly policies which have enormous co-benefits for child health and the wider society. 

READ: School meals and food systems: Rethinking the consequences for climate, environment, biodiversity, and food sovereignty

The importance of grasslands and savannahs for people, agriculture, nature and our climate has been systematically undervalued and overlooked around the world. Every opportunity must be taken by governments to meet the UNFCCC and UNCBD targets for climate change and biodiversity loss, alongside the land degradation neutrality targets set by Parties to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD). 

To achieve this, they cannot afford to ignore grassland and savannah biomes that cover over 50% of the world’s land. Therefore, countries’ NDCs and NBSAPs must specifically include targets, actions and legislation for the protection, sustainable management, and restoration of grasslands and savannahs.

READ: INTEGRATING GRASSLANDS AND SAVANNAHS INTO NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE COMMITMENTS

Policymakers must urgently increase the scale and ambition of food-based climate solutions included in national plans if there is to be any hope of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

While many countries mention the agriculture sector in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), very few set targets in relation to other stages of the food system, such as food loss and waste reduction, sustainable diets or food consumption.

Countries are overlooking critical climate solutions. All stakeholders must urgently implement climate solutions across food systems, from farm-to-fork.

READ: UNLOCKING AND SCALING CLIMATE ACTION IN FOOD SYSTEMS - AN ASSESSMENT OF NDCs

Food systems in African countries are already experiencing clmate impacts on growing seasons, and the frequency and intensity of dry spells and heavy rainfalls. Effective holistic measures across food systems can help build resilience while providing mitigation benefits, putting the continent on a sustainable development pathway.

Most African countries recognize the urgency of, and potential in, building adaptive food systems, as evidenced by their climate pledges, but rich countries must ramp up international climate finance and support to these countries to achieve these pledges. The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) provide a platform to bring all policy priorities together and implement food systems adaptation measures in a holistic manner.

Climate change adaptation in food systems is considered as an important part of contributions of NDCs and NAPs to furthering the Paris Agreement goals, alongside linkages to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This report focuses on the integration of adaptation measures for food systems transformation in the NDCs and NAPs in Africa to identify opportunities for enhancing actions and accelerating progress in the continent.

Read: Scaling and accelerating climate adaptation in food systems in Africa

OUR STORIES

Why the UN COP28 Climate Talks Must Serve Farmers to Achieve a “Just Transition”

The stage has been set for COP28 to be a “food COP”, but for commitments to translate to action, it must also be a “farmers’ COP”. If we are to translate global commitments into local action, all eyes must be on how finance is released to food producers so that they are incentivized to use practices that benefit climate, nature and people.

 

FOOD FORWARD NDCs - how WWF will help policymakers enhance national climate plans

The Emirates Declaration is the first agreement on food signed by Heads of State at a Climate COP. The commitment must now be urgently translated into national action.

WWF is developing
Food Forward NDCs a new interactive guidance tool that will support NDC implementation by providing policymakers with practices and measures that enable systemic shifts in food systems to meet NDC targets. It will also provide accessible guidance material for NDC enhancement to ramp up ambition in the updates to NDCs due by COP30 (in Brazil in 2025).

INTEGRATING CLIMATE, FOOD AND NATURE ACTIONS

There is a major opportunity at COP28 to create a fertile environment for action on food, on the ground and in the water. But if we are to unlock the true potential of food systems, decision makers at COP28 must align climate commitments with nature protection and restoration. by

by Joao Campari, Global Food Practice Leader

Supporting women to transform food systems and deliver the SDGs

In an era characterized by pressing environmental concerns, women are emerging as powerful agents of change in the global effort to address climate change, biodiversity loss and sustainable development. Central to how our food systems operate, their pivotal roles in implementing the Rio Conventions for Climate, Biodiversity and Land, alongside their contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), underscore the crucial importance of women in forging a more sustainable and equitable future for all.

by Martina Fleckenstein, Global Head of Policy, Food, WWF and Cheryl Margoluis, Executive Director, CARE-WWF Alliance

The African Opportunity: focusing on food can cement a leadership role in climate and nature action

Africa is the global frontier for agricultural expansion, but it’s also the region in which farmers are worst hit by the impacts of climate change.The continent is thought to hold two-thirds of the world’s remaining arable land and is likely to see significant investments in food production. However, the way food is produced, distributed, and consumed in Africa is often at odds with the natural capital on which humans and wildlife depend.

It’s impossible to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius if we don’t transform food production, consumption, loss and waste, and African food systems will only be sustainable if we innovate to adapt to the changing climate landscape.

by Nancy Rapando, Africa’s Food Future Initiative Lead, WWF, and Alissa Wachter, Development Manager, Food, WWF

The urgent need for governments to commit to food loss and waste

Of all the nature and climate solutions we debate, reducing food loss and waste is possibly the least contentious. There are so many benefits yet there is not wide scale global adoption of food waste reduction as part of climate commitments. To date, as few as 36 governments have food loss and waste reduction as part of their national climate goals. Why so few?

by Pete Pearson, Global Food Loss and Waste Initiative Lead